Economy ≠ Markets
John Leiper – Head of Portfolio Management – 7th May 2020
One question I get from advisers and clients, more than any other, is why global equity markets have bounced back so far. Why have we not seen a continuation of the sell-off?
It is a good question because the data has been bad and will likely get worse. Case in point is unemployment levels in the US which have surged dramatically over the last few weeks.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
There has never been such a large gap between markets and the underlying economic data.
In fixed income, investment grade credit spreads should be much wider (and prices lower) than they are given the notable deterioration in the eurozone economy.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
The same is true in equity land. The chart below shows the 12-month forward earnings forecast for the S&P 500 (in red) and reported earnings (in white). The shown drop in forecast earnings is the largest in at least 30 years.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
Yet, despite this, the multiple for which investors are willing to pay for deteriorating earnings is the highest its been in almost 20 years.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
This disparity, between the markets and the data, is extraordinary.
It can be explained by the ability of market participants to look through the bad news and focus on the recovery. This approach is underpinned by two pillars.
Firstly, the number of new coronavirus cases globally is falling, and progress is being made in the hunt for a vaccine.
Secondly, and most importantly, governments and central banks have provided unprecedented levels of fiscal and monetary policy to support the economy, provide liquidity and sure-up investor confidence.
_____________
Liquidity is a key driver of markets. The mechanism through which this operates is simple. An increase in the money supply leads to a monetary surplus which can be eliminated by increased demand for goods and services. This results in increased economic activity and a shift in risk appetite from low risk interest-bearing securities to higher risk assets like equities. Increasing the money supply also increases inflation expectations, further driving people into equities and other real assets.
As shown in the chart below, the US Fed has increased the money supply dramatically this year. On a month-to-month basis it is the fastest increase in over 40 years. Prior increases in the money supply, as highlighted on the chart, are also consistent with periods of weak economic growth and subsequent gains in the S&P 500.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
To increase liquidity, central banks are re-initiating quantitative easing programs. This is visible in the two charts below which show the year-on-year change in securities held outright on the Federal Reserve balance sheet, in red. QE5 is the large uptick on the right-hand side of each chart.
In each instance there is a clear correlation between the size of the Fed balance sheet and the blue line which represents fixed income credit and equity returns. The top chart goes as far as to suggest investment grade credit spreads could even go negative! Whilst that is extremely unlikely, the recent price action in commodity markets, which saw the price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil fall below zero for the first time in history, to -$40 a barrel, is a case in point. Admittedly that move was very technical in nature and the sub-zero price only applied to the May contract – more details here (https://blog.tavistockwealth.com/super-contango/). The bottom chart shows clear upside for equities.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
The problem with this theory is that it could be time limited. Markets are pricing in the sharpest of V-shaped recoveries.
On mobile: review chart in landscape mode
Anything less could see a retest of the March lows. This might happen if we see a resurgence of the virus, following attempts to re-open the economy. In that scenario lock-down could be extended, further damaging the economy.
Unlimited liquidity is bullish risk assets but only on the assumption we return to something resembling normality. Unlimited liquidity can postpone debt problems but not fix them. If markets determine that the outlook for markets is morphing, from a crisis of liquidity to a crisis of insolvency, then risk assets could retest the lows in the coming months (something alluded to in last week’s blog:https://blog.tavistockwealth.com/from-liquidity-to-solvency/). If not, the sky is the limit.
Insolvency risk will be the focus of next week’s blog…
Until then, here is a quote from famous economist John Maynard Keynes: “Markets can remain irrational longer that you can remain solvent.“
This investment Blog is published and provided for informational purposes only. The information in the Blog constitutes the author’s own opinions. None of the information contained in the Blog constitutes a recommendation that any particular investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. Source of data: Bloomberg, Tavistock Wealth Limited unless otherwise stated.
Want to know more about the Equity Markets?
Please contact us here:
Market Thoughts with Steve McGregor
2022 was a difficult year for investors, but this year has seen equity markets start to recover. Whilst there are still several challenges ahead, there are opportunities for those who are patient and have a long-term outlook.
The high cost of cashing out
We are dealing with a lot at the minute; an international war, extreme market volatility, an ever-changing government and a mental health crisis. The current economic outlook is causing even the most experienced investors to re-evaluate things. A question we are often asked is what should I do? Do I sell up now and move to cash? Especially with interest rates on the rise?
Quarterly Perspective 2022 Q4
On an absolute basis the ACUMEN Portfolios have fallen in value since the start of the year. This is unsurprising given recent developments. However, on a relative basis the funds have held up well, particularly at the higher end of the risk spectrum and in the ACUMEN Income Portfolio versus the IA sector peer group against which we measure performance. On a 5-year basis, and since inception, the funds continue to perform well on both an absolute and relative basis.
Should I stick or twist in a volatile market?
We are dealing with a lot at the minute; an international war, extreme market volatility, an ever-changing government and a mental health crisis. The current economic outlook is causing even the most experienced investors to re-evaluate things. A question we are often asked is what should I do? Do I sell up now and move to cash? Especially with interest rates on the rise?
Quarterly Perspectives 2022 Q3
Tavistock Asset Management Investment OutlookQuarter 3 2022 Written by Titan Asset Management Investment TeamTavistock Asset Management Investment OutlookQuarter 3 2022 Written by Titan Asset...
RECESSION, INFLATION AND RISING INTEREST RATES
With the Bank of England announcing the biggest interest rate hike in 27 years and forecasting that Britain will enter a year-long recession with inflation topping 13%, you could be forgiven for feeling a little gloomy about things. Granted, the picture that was painted at the last Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting isn’t a pretty one.
ROTATIONS & DIVIDENDS
Back in November 2020 I wrote a blog, Nothing Is More Powerful Than An Idea Whose Time Has Come, in which I made the case for a Great Rotation across equity markets where the prior winners, growth stocks, would give way to value stocks which would outperform going forward.
What we learn from history…
Market crashes and economic downturns are a part of life. Market calamity can occur seemingly out of nowhere and whether it be a dotcom bubble, a financial crisis, Brexit or Covid-19, we can never predict the full impact of a new market crash. We can however forecast that its effect on the markets, and the wider economy, will ultimately be temporary.
MARKET THOUGHTS
In late February, following the invasion of Ukraine and subsequent market sell off, I wrote a blog (Commentary & Positioning) outlining Tavistock Asset Management’s thoughts. Three months on, financial markets have continued to come under pressure and have weakened further.
RUSSIA TRADE
I want to begin this blog by firstly taking time to explain why foreign exchange is an important part of portfolio composition and why as investors you should be paying close attention to currency exposure, as it could be driving or eroding your investment returns.
Quarterly Perspectives 2022 Q2
Tavistock Asset Management Investment OutlookQuarter 4 2021 Written by Titan Asset Management Investment TeamQ4-2021 QUARTERLY PERSPECTIVESWelcome to the Q4-2021 ‘Quarterly Perspectives’...
TIP OF THE ICEBERG
I want to begin this blog by firstly taking time to explain why foreign exchange is an important part of portfolio composition and why as investors you should be paying close attention to currency exposure, as it could be driving or eroding your investment returns.
The Commodity Carve-Out
Global markets in 2022 have exhibited abnormal volatility. Inflation readings sit at multiples of central bank targets around the world, and a plethora of rate hiking cycles have begun in attempts to combat this. Muted capital expenditure during the pandemic has left supply chains in tatters, and producers scrambling to secure inputs. When compounded by an invasion involving two hegemonic commodity producers and a pilgrimage towards net-zero carbon emissions, we at Titan believed an environment for sustained commodity outperformance was firmly in place.
Importance of Foreign Exchange
I want to begin this blog by firstly taking time to explain why foreign exchange is an important part of portfolio composition and why as investors you should be paying close attention to currency exposure, as it could be driving or eroding your investment returns.
COP26 Revisited
COP26 RevisitedWritten by James Peel - ESG Portfolio Manager - Titan Asset ManagementCOP stands for ‘Conference of the Parties’ and is the decision-making body of the United Nations Framework...
Bubbles and Dividends
Bubbles and DividendsWritten by Steve McGregorAs I wrote in late January, it has been a volatile start to 2022. For the last couple of years, markets have enjoyed central banks pumping lots of money...
January CIO Commentary: Bumpy Start
January CIO Commentary: Bumpy StartWritten by John LeiperIt’s been a volatile start to 2022. For the last two-ish years, markets have enjoyed a buy-the-dip mentality as pro-growth fiscal and...
Quarterly Perspectives 2021 Q4
Tavistock Asset Management Investment OutlookQuarter 4 2021 Written by Titan Asset Management Investment TeamQ4-2021 QUARTERLY PERSPECTIVESWelcome to the Q4-2021 ‘Quarterly Perspectives’...
Q2 Quarterly Perspectives
Welcome to the Q2-2021 ‘Quarterly Perspectives’ publication
Rise of the Underdog
In its latest economic outlook, the OECD increased its expectations for global GDP. For 2020, the improvement is minimal, reflecting an upward revision, in real GDP, from -4.5% to -4.2%. But beyond that, growing economic momentum should boost global growth to pre-pandemic levels, estimated at 4.2% in 2021 and 3.7% in 2022.
Let the Good Times Roll
Markets are ebullient, and they have every reason to be.
Anatomy of an Election (So far…)
The narrative, heading into the US election, was a ‘Blue Wave’ victory for the Democrats. Polls and betting odds favoured a Biden win and a Senate majority and investors positioned accordingly.
Since the Market Low
The ACUMEN Portfolios continued their strong run throughout October, largely outperforming the market composite benchmark and IA sectors (used for peer group comparison purposes) which lost ground across the board.
Canary In The Vol-Mine
With the US election just 8 days away, financial markets are following the polls and pricing in a Biden win.
Q4-2020 Quarterly Perspectives
Welcome to the Q4-2020 ‘Quarterly Perspectives’ publication.
Let’s Get Cyclical, Cyclical
The following is an abbreviated version of my recent article ‘A Deep Dive Into… UK Equities’ for Investment Week magazine. Follow the link and read my views on page 17.
The Call-Up
Last week the FTSE Russell decided to include Chinese government bonds in its flagship World Government Bond Index (WGBI). The decision follows similar moves, from JP Morgan and Bloomberg, and a failed attempt to do so just one year prior which resulted in a number of reforms, to increase accessibility and currency trading options, that ultimately paved the way for benchmark admission.
Technical Perspectives
In last week’s blog we discussed the ‘Nasdaq whale’, Softbank, and the role it played, alongside an army of retail investors, driving tech prices ever higher prior to the recent correction. These short-term ‘technical’ flows are driven by the options market as traders look to hedge their underlying exposure, amplifying moves both lower and higher.
A Speech For The History Books
In a speech for the history books, last week Fed chairman Jerome Powell announced a significant change to the way it conducts monetary policy by formally announcing ‘average inflation targeting’. This means the Fed will now allow inflation to overshoot its official 2% target to compensate for prior years where inflation failed to reach that level.
Room to Run
Despite the fact the coronavirus has plunged many countries into recession, global equity markets are now back at all-time highs, as measured by the Bloomberg World Exchange Market Capitalisation index.
Rising Phoenix
In The Return Of Inflation (5th June 2020) we made the case for a transition from the existing deflationary narrative to one in which markets start to price-in inflation.
A Currency For All Seasons
Having identified, and benefited from, the 7% fall in the value of the US dollar index since late April, we have now turned tactically cautious.
All That Glitters…
In last week’s blog, This Time It’s Different (24 July 2020), I suggested the US dollar was on the cusp of crashing through its decade-long uptrend.
This Time It’s Different
There are growing signs that the US dollar may finally roll over.
Q3 2020 Quarterly Perspectives
Welcome to the Q3-2020 ‘Quarterly Perspectives’ publication.
Commodities Move Higher
The 10 year US Treasury yield has remained remarkably steady over the last few months, particularly as inflation expectations have gradually risen.
The Bigger They Are, The Harder They Fall
Those stocks that outperformed during the corona crisis are the same ‘winners’ that outperformed before the crisis.
Pivot to ESG
The recovery in US equity prices, from the corona crisis, has been one of the most rapid in history.
The Chinese Tech Structural Growth Story
China’s economy has transitioned, from an industrial export-led model, towards services.
The Commodity Carve-Out
Commodities are nothing if not cyclical. They rise and fall in value with remarkable consistency over time.
The Return of Inflation
Quantitative easing, or QE, is where a central bank creates money to buy bonds. The goal is to keep interest rates low and to stimulate the economy during periods of economic stress.
The Powell Pivot 2.0
In January 2019 Jerome Powell pivoted from a policy of interest rate increases and balance sheet cuts to interest rate cuts and, later that year, balance sheet expansion.
Don’t Fight The Fed
Over the last decade, the Fed has increasingly resorted to unconventional monetary policy, such as quantitative easing, or QE, to stimulate the economy.
The Liquidity Crisis Is Dead. All Hail the Solvency Crisis.
In response to the corona crisis, global central banks have unleashed a tidal wave of liquidity.
From Liquidity To Solvency
In the early stages of the Corona Crisis of 2020, the global economy faced a liquidity crisis.
Super Contango
In an unprecedented day in the history of oil trading the price of the front month contract for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil fell below zero to -$37.63.
One Currency To Rule Them All
As the world’s reserve currency, the US dollar is the go-to currency. It is used to price assets, complete transactions and as a store of value.
The beginning of the end?
The coronavirus has brought economic activity to a virtual stand-still and transformed a strong global economy, with lots of debt, to a weak economy… with lots of debt.